A standardized, cumulative index off mix-fitness was determined for siti incontri lesbiche each blend of maternal tree and you will pollen donor, predicated on mature fruits put, seed germination, and you will survivorship and growth of seedlings. For every single species, mixed-model study out-of difference was applied to assess the results off crossing therapy (repaired effect; that have maternal tree incorporated as a random effect) into portion of hand-pollinated flowers function adult fruit, costs out-of seed germination and you may seedling survivorship, seedling proportions from the 1 year, and you may cumulative fitness. Numerous habits was examined having fun with ANOVA: (a) also the solutions, (b) excluding unbalanced solutions, permitting evaluation regarding communication terms, (c) without selfing treatment (given that maternal trees was indeed mostly otherwise entirely care about-incompatible), and (d) collection most of the contained in this-Sinharaja outcrossing service to test the effect from in this- against. between-forest crossing. The result from crossing point on each parameter try further checked having fun with linear or quadratic regression research, according to model of the connection. Finally, for every single maternal forest, the results from nearest-neighbors and you can long-point mating was estimated courtesy indicator from biparental inbreeding depression and you may outbreeding depression, correspondingly, according to collective fitness philosophy.

Syzygium rubicundum

Fruit abortion was heavy for all trees, resulting in low fruit set (range across treatments: 2.0–9.7%; Fig. 2a). The timing of abortion was not discernable across treatments. Self-compatibility was low, but variable, across maternal trees (Fig. 2a). Flowers used for tests of apomixis (N = 360) and autogamy (N = 582) failed to set fruit. All analyses of variance in fruit set revealed a highly significant treatment effect and significant maternal tree effect, but no significant interaction between treatment and maternal tree (Tables 2A and 3A). For all three trees, the percentage of experimental flowers setting mature fruit showed a consistent increase with crossing distance, followed by a severe decline in fruit set with the distant between-forest treatment (Fig. 2a). The relationship between crossing distance and fruit set was nearly identical for the three maternal trees and significant with or without the self-pollinated treatment included in the model (quadratic regression model: arcsine square-root [fruit set] = crossing distance [km] + crossing distance 2 ; results without self-pollinated treatment: F_2,57 = 8.25, P < 0.0007, R 2 = 0.47). Peak mean fruit set occurred at a crossing distance of 1–2 km (distant within-forest treatment) and was 1.7–4.7 times greater than mean fruit set rates for other hand-pollination treatments, averaged across maternal trees. Mean fruit set rate for the distant within-forest treatment was significantly greater than those for all treatments except distant-neighbor and open-pollinated, but consistently exceeded fruit set of open-pollinated flowers (Fig. 2a).

Shorea cordifolia

Fruit set was also low for Sh. cordifolia (range across treatments: 0–5.3%; Fig. 2b). Again, the timing of fruit abortion was not discernable among treatments. Selfed and distant between-forest treatments resulted in 0% and <1% fruit set, respectively. Fruit set from the intermediate-distance cross-pollinations varied across maternal trees, but with one exception (nearest-neighbor treatment at Tree number 1) indicated optimal fruit set at an outcrossing range of ?2 km (distant neighbor treatment; Fig. 2b). All analyses of variance in fruit set revealed a highly significant treatment effect, but no maternal tree effect (Tables 2B and 3B). The relationship between crossing distance and fruit set was significant only when the selfed treatment was excluded (quadratic regression model: arcsin square root [fruit set] = crossing distance [km] + crossing distance 2 ; F_dos,57 = 5.71, P < 0.006, R 2 = 0.41). At each maternal tree, fruit set rate for open-pollinated flowers was greater than that for all hand-cross treatments, suggesting that some aspect of the hand-pollination procedure (e.g., flower handling, bagging) caused reduced fruit set in Sh. cordifolia.